Lambros, Spyridon P. (1851-1919). Historian, writer, politician and Professor of Greek History (Medieval and Modern) at the Athens University School of Philosophy. He was born in Corfu, but his family came from the village Kallarites of Epirus. He was the third son of the goldsmith and eminent numismatist Pavlos Lambros, and godson of Kapodistrias' collaborator, the scholar Andreas Moustoxidis. He received his early education at his hometown, studied foreign languages and completed his secondary education in Athens, where his family moved in 1860. Since he was a teenager, he showed deep love for letters. In 1861, and for the five years, he published, along with his brother Michail, the handwritten literary journal “Parnassos”, which evolved into the famous journal of the homonymous literary society that the Lambros brothers founded in 1865, together with their scholar friends. In 1876, he enrolled at the Athens University School of Philosophy and studied Philology. After his graduation he pursued further studies in Berlin and Leipzig, whence, in 1873, he obtained his doctorate in Philosophy with the thesis “Habitants of Greek colonies and the awarded honours and privileges”. During his stay abroad he attended courses by the famous professors Mommsen and Curtius, whereas he studied a series of manuscripts by visiting libraries and archives of many European cities. Upon his return to Greece, in 1878, he was appointed Assistant Professor of Greek History at the University of Athens, introducing for the first time Palaeography (which he called “Γραφογνωσία" (Graphognocy)). The subject of his treatise was “Athens at the end of the 12th century”. In 1882, he became Primary Education General Supervisor and five years later he was promoted to Extraordinary Professor and at the University, to become regular Professor in 1890. In 1908, he became president of the Secondary Education Board of Inspection, and he was elected Rector twice, for the academic years 1901-2 and 1912-3. Despite all that, Lambros did not restrict himself to his academic career. He was a fervent supporter of the athletic ideal and worked hard for the Olympic Games revival. From 1901 to 1917 he was the General Secretary of the Olympic Games Committee and the first President of the Greek Sports and Gymnastic Societies’ Union (1897-1906). He also got involved into politics. From the middle of the 1890s, he was involved in the national radical right extremist organisation “Ethniki Eteria” (National Society), members of which believed in “Megali Idea”, the expansion in other words of the Greek territory, and promoted the establishment of a greater state. Also, this society is considered as greatly responsible for the outbreak of the Greek-Turkish war in 1897 and the defeat that followed. In the middle of the national dispute between the parties of the King and Venizelos, Lambros, who had taken sides with the King, received order from King Constantinos for the formation of a government, and became prime minister for a brief time, in a period of national disunity. The Venizelos party controlled Thessalonica and the royal court was limited to the so called “regime of Athens”. His service was marked by the “Noemvriana”, the orchestrated attacks of militia against voters of Venizelos that terrorised the Athenians. After the prevalence of Venizelos’ party in 1917, Lambros was brought to trial, his property was confiscated and he was exiled to Hydra at first, and then to Skopelos. During his exile, he was diagnosed with nephritis, and although he was transferred to Athens, his health was permanently affected. Regarding his scientific works, Lambros is considered as one of the most important historians of the 19th century. He belongs to the historiography movement of Greek historicism, first described by Constantinos Paparrigopoulos, at the centre of which is placed the study of Greek history as an uninterrupted continuity. His historical perspective therefore agrees with the political and national ideology that supported Greek claims of territories. He was interested in medieval (Byzantine) period, but his researches show a great variety of topics, while he was also involved in writing literary works.
His metrical poetic drama “The Last Count of Salona” was not only awarded at the “Voutsineos” poetry contest of 1870, but also it became a great success on stage.
 His works include publications of manuscripts, translations, articles, speeches and studies/treatises, many of which were published after his death, by the “Committee for the publication of Spyridon Lambros remaining works”, under the supervision of his wife, Anna Balanou Lambrou, and his daughters, Lina Tsaldari and Chariklia Malamou. As a professor, he influenced a generation of eminent Byzantinologists, such as Faedon Koukoules, Adamantios Adamantiou and Sokratis Kougeas.